Service Business Accounting — Full Year Walkthrough (Freelancer / Agency)
What this tutorial actually shows
This is not theory.

This is a full simulation of a real service business using DII Accounts over a 12-month period.

You will follow:

  •  a freelancer / agency setup 
  •  first client and first invoice 
  •  real money movement 
  •  expenses and cost tracking 
  •  bank reconciliation 
  •  VAT registration and reporting 
  •  monthly control and year-end clarity 
By the end, you will understand not just how to click buttons — but how a business actually operates financially.
full-simulation-of-real-service-business-using-dii-accounts-over-12-months-period
A freelancer/agency setup

PART 0 — BEFORE YOU START (CRITICAL CONTEXT)

Most founders do not fail because of bad ideas.

They fail because they never build a proper operational structure.

They:

  •  send invoices without tracking payments 
  •  mix personal and business money 
  •  forget expenses 
  •  misunderstand VAT 
  •  rely on memory instead of systems 
This works for a few weeks.

Then it breaks.

What this system is for

🌐 DII Accounts is not just accounting software.

It is your financial operating system.

It allows you to:

  •  structure your business properly 
  •  track every financial movement 
  •  understand performance in real time 
  •  stay compliant without chaos 

What you are about to build

Over this tutorial, you will build:

  •  a structured business workspace 
  •  a clean revenue flow 
  •  traceable expenses 
  •  reconciled bank data 
  •  VAT tracking 
  •  financial reports 
This becomes your business evidence system.

PART 1 — DAY 0: BUILDING YOUR FOUNDATION

Goal
Create a clean, scalable structure before money starts flowing.

Step 1 — Create Workspace

Explanation
After signup, you land inside your workspace.

This is your:

  •  company container 
  •  financial environment 
  •  system of record 
Everything will live here:

  •  customers 
  •  invoices 
  •  payments 
  •  VAT 
  •  reports 
Why this matters
Without structure:

  •  data becomes fragmented 
  •  reporting becomes unreliable 
  •  tax becomes risky 
With structure:

  •  everything connects 
  •  everything is traceable 
  •  everything scales 

Step 2 — Understand Your Dashboard

dashboard-initial-view
This is your live business workspace. It is empty now — and that is correct. This is your live business workspace. It is empty now — and that is correct.
  •  Workspace name (top center)
    image
    Workspace name
  •  “Owner” role badge
    image
    Your role in app
  •  “Current month finance snapshot”
    image
    Current month finance snapshot
  •  Onboarding section (“Get this workspace to first value”)
    image
    Onboarding section
  •  Left sidebar navigation
    image
    Navigation
Explanation
At the beginning:

  •  revenue = £0 
  •  no customers 
  •  no transactions 
This is correct.

You are starting clean.

Mistake to avoid
Do not wait until you “have business” to use the system.

You build structure first — then activity flows into it.

PART 2 — MONTH 1: FIRST CLIENT & FIRST MONEY

Scenario
You are a freelancer providing services.

You complete your first project.

You charge:

  • £900

Step 1 — Create Customer

  •  Sidebar → Sales 
  •  “Contacts” 
  •  “New contact” button 
  •  Name field 
  •  Role selector (Customer) 
  •  Save button 
Input Example
  •  Name: Alpha Client Ltd 
  •  Type: Customer 
  •  Currency: GBP 
Why this matters
The customer must exist before:

  •  invoices 
  •  payments 
  •  reporting 
Without this:

  • revenue cannot be tracked properly

Step 2 — Create Invoice

  •  Sidebar → Sales → Invoices 
image
Sidebar → Sales → Invoices
  •  “New invoice” button
    image
    “New invoice” button
     
  •  Customer dropdown
image
Customer dropdown
  •  Amount field
    invoices-new-form-amount-field
    invoices-new-form-amount-field.webp 13.9 KB
  •  VAT selector
    image
    VAT selector
  • Description
    image
    Description
  • "Create draft invoice" button
    image
    "Create draft invoice" button
  •  Review invoice draft
    invoice-draft
    invoice-draft.webp 80.3 KB
  •  “Issue invoice” button
    image
    “Issue invoice” button
Input
  •  Customer: Alpha Client Ltd 
  •  Description: Complete first project
  •  Amount: £900 
  •  VAT: STD20 · 20% Standard Rated at 20%
Important concept
At this moment:

  • You earned revenue❗ You did NOT receive cash

Step 3 — Record Payment

  •  
    image
    Sales -> Payments
  •  
  • Choose customer
    image
    Choose customer
  • Amount field
    image
    Amount field
  • image
    Allocation section (invoice matching)
     
Result
  •  Invoice = Paid 
  •  Cash = received 
  •  Revenue = recorded 
paymants-recorded
paymants-recorded.webp 68 KB
Mistake to avoid
Do NOT assume: “Invoice = money”

Until payment is recorded, it is only expected income

PART 3 — EXPENSES (MONTH 1)

expenses-list-two-records
Expenses list

Scenario
You pay:
  •  £120 → software 
  •  £50 → tools 

Step — Record Expenses


  •  Sidebar → Purchases
    image
    Sidebar → Purchases
  •  “Expenses”
    expenses
    Expenses
  •  “New expense” 
  •  Amount field
    expenses-form-amount
    Amount field
  •  Category selector
    image
    Category selector
  •  Payment source
expenses-list-two-records
Recorded expenses
Why this matters
Expenses affect:
  •  profit 
  •  tax 
  •  VAT (later) 
Mistake to avoid
If you do not record expenses: your profit becomes fake

PART 4 — BANK + RECONCILIATION, and the Trusted Record

Scenario
You import your bank statement.
Transactions:
  •  +£900 (client payment) 
  •  -£120 (software) 
  •  -£50 (tools) 

Step 1 — Add Bank Account

bank
Add bank account
  •  Banking → Bank Accounts
    image
    Banking → Bank Accounts
  •  “Add account” button 

Step 2 — Import Transactions

banks-page-import-transactions
Import csv transations
  •  Upload CSV button
    image
    Upload CSV button
  •  File selector
    image
    File selector

Step 3 — Reconcile


Reconciliation is the bridge between your internal records and the real bank.

  • When you create an invoice, you create a sales record.
  • When you record a payment, you create an operational accounting event.
  • When you import the bank CSV, you bring in the real bank evidence.
 Reconciliation then confirms that the accounting event and the bank evidence truly belong to the same money movement. That is what turns the system into a trusted source of truth. 

image
Reconciliation workspace
  • image
    Reconciliation -> Reconciliation

Lets do first item:
Click Open workspace to access the Reconciliation workspace in your account. Then scroll to the bottom of the page to locate the Queue section, which displays all items that need to be reconciled.
reconciliation-open-workspace
Open workspace for reconciliation
reconcilation-workspace
Reconciliation workspace
reconcilation-workspace-list
Queue section
reconcilation-item
Example item of Queue section
“In the Queue section, each transaction is displayed with its current status and available actions. In this example, the transaction ‘Amazon Tools Purchase’ has no matches linked yet, so it remains in the Unmatched state. 

Below the transaction details, the system suggests potential operational matches based on existing records. These are grouped under Operational matching, where you can see candidate entries such as expenses (e.g., ‘Tools’ and ‘Software’), along with their available amounts and dates. 

To proceed, review the suggested matches and enter the appropriate match amount for the selected record. Once confirmed, click Record operational matches to link the transaction and move it forward in the reconciliation process.”

  •  Match suggestions 
Review the list of suggested records and identify the one that best matches the transaction. To select it, enter the corresponding value in the Match amount field. The system treats any entered amount as a selection, allowing you to confirm the correct record.
  •  “Reconcile” button
reconcilation-workspace-unmatched
Reconciliation Progress After Matching One Transaction

reconcilation-workspace-only-matched
Transaction in ‘Matched Only’ Stage (Awaiting Settlement)
reconcilation-workspace-3-items-3-in-progress
Reconciliation workspace - In progress 3 items · £1,070.00
reconcilation-workspace-list-match-only
reconcilation-workspace-list-match-only.webp 105 KB

Match real bank transactions to your recorded data.
Reconciliation means matching real bank transactions to your recorded data.

Important: Matching alone is not enough.

You must also complete settlement so the transaction is fully verified against the bank. Only then is it truly reconciled.


How to Complete Reconciliation for “Matched Only” Transactions

After matching a transaction, it may move to the “Matched only” stage.
This means the transaction is operationally explained, but the cash-side settlement is still missing.

To fully reconcile the transaction, follow these steps:

Step 1: Locate “Matched Only” Transactions

In the Reconciliation workspace, scroll to the Queue section and find the “Matched only” group.

These are transactions that:

  •  Already have operational matches 
  •  Still require a settlement to complete the accounting process 

Step 2: Review the Transaction


Select a transaction (e.g., Amazon Tools Purchase).

You will see:

  •  Operational match completed (e.g., Tools expense – £50)
    image
    Tools expense – £50
  •  Remaining bank value = £0.00
    image
    Remaining bank value = £0.00
  •  “Next step” message: Create or finish the settlement-side accounting record
    image
    Next step

Step 3: Create a Settlement

From the action buttons, choose the appropriate settlement type:
image
Settlement types
  • New supplier settlement → if this was a supplier payment 
  • New expense settlement → for general expenses 
  • New payroll settlement → for salary-related transactions 

Step 4: Fill in Settlement Details

On the settlement form:

  •  Select the same bank account
    image
    Bank account
  •  Enter the correct date
    image
    Settlement date
  •  Enter the amount (e.g., £50.00)
    image
    Amount
  • Choose the supplier or expense category (if required) 
  • Allocate
    image
    Allocate
Then:
 Click Create draft settlement
This creates the cash-side accounting record.

Return to the transaction:

  •  Click “View full transaction” or use the Link settlement option
  •  Select the settlement you just created from the dropdown 
  •  Click “Link settlement to bank row”

Step 6: Confirm Reconciliation

Once linked:

  •  ✅ The transaction status changes to Reconciled
  •  ✅ The Remaining bank value becomes £0.00
  •  ✅ The transaction disappears from the “Matched only” queue 

💡 Important Concept (simple explanation)

Matching explains what the transaction is.
Settlement confirms how the money moved.

Both are required to fully reconcile a bank transaction.

✅ Example from Your System

For the transaction “Amazon Tools Purchase (£50)”:

  1.  You matched it to Tools expense
  2.  Then created an Expense settlement (£50)
    image
    Expense settlement
  3.  Linked it back to the bank transaction 
  4.  ✅ Now it is fully reconciled 
Important: Matching alone is not enough.

You must also complete settlement so the transaction is fully verified against the bank. Only then is it truly reconciled.

Best explanation of reconciliation flow

Step A — Record the business event
Create the invoice, payment, or expense inside DII Accounts.

Step B — Import the bank evidence
Bring in the real bank transactions from CSV.

Step C — Match the bank row to the accounting record
Tell the system which invoice/payment/expense that row belongs to.

Step D — Complete settlement
Finish the cash-side link so the remaining bank value becomes zero and the workflow is fully evidenced.

Step E — Only then trust reports and VAT outputs
Now your accounting records are backed by bank evidence.

A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- the invoice, payment, or expense exists in your records  
- the bank transaction exists in your imported data  
- the two are matched  
- the full bank value has been settled (no remaining balance)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft, assumption, or partial record — it is verified and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

Result
Your system becomes:

  •  accurate 
  •  verified 
  •  trustworthy 
Why this matters
  • Without reconciliation: data is unreliable
  • With reconciliation: system becomes source of truth
So what is reconciliation, in simple words?

Reconciliation means proving that the money in your accounting records is the same money that actually moved through your bank.

  1. Did the business event happen? Example: you issued an invoice or recorded an expense.
  2. Did money actually move? Example: the bank import shows +£900 or -£120.
  3. Are they the same transaction? Same amount, same timing, same customer/supplier, same purpose.

If all three line up, the transaction is reconciled.

A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.
A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.
A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

PART 4.5 — Why reconciliation must happen before VAT and reporting


A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- the invoice, payment, or expense exists in your records  
- the bank transaction exists in your imported data  
- the two are matched  
- the full bank value has been settled (no remaining balance)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft, assumption, or partial record — it is verified and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

  • VAT returns should rely on real, reviewed transactions, not guesses. 
  • Before turning VAT reporting into a serious workflow, you want sales, expenses, and bank evidence aligned. 
  • Otherwise you risk claiming input VAT on costs you have not properly evidenced, or treating unpaid / unmatched movements as if they were already clean accounting data.
A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

PART 5 — MONTH 6: VAT REGISTRATION


Before enabling VAT workflows, make sure your core money flow is clean: invoices issued, payments allocated, expenses recorded, bank transactions imported, and reconciliations completed. VAT reporting sits on top of that foundation. If the foundation is messy, VAT totals become unreliable.

A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- the invoice, payment, or expense exists in your records  
- the bank transaction exists in your imported data  
- the two are matched  
- the full bank value has been settled (no remaining balance)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft, assumption, or partial record — it is verified and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.
A transaction is fully reconciled only when:

- it exists in your accounting records (invoice, payment, or expense)
- it appears in your imported bank data
- it has been matched
- the full amount has been settled (no remaining value)

At this point, the transaction is complete.

It is no longer a draft or assumption — it is verified against real bank activity and can be safely used for reporting and VAT.

Step 1 — Enable VAT

  • VAT Registration Number (VRN): 246813579
  • VAT scheme: Standard
    Schema dropdown
  • Frequency: Quarterly
    Frequency dropdown
  • HMRC environment: Sandbox
    HMRC environment dropdown
  • Mark this organisation as enrolled for MTD VAT
    tick MTD VAT enrolled
  • Client public port: 443
    Client public port
  • MFA evidence: mfa_method=auth_app;timestamp=2026-04-01T09:12:33Z;confidence=high
    MFA
  • Compliance context - Notes: "Primary contact: Founder (Your name)
    Accounting method: Accrual basis
    VAT submissions prepared quarterly."
    Compliance context
  • Save

Step 2 — VAT CODES SETUP (REQUIRED STEP)

Goal
Define how VAT is applied in your system before using it in invoices.

Where to go
VAT Workflow → VAT Codes
- VAT Codes list
- “Add VAT Code” button
- Existing STD20 code

What are VAT Codes?
VAT Codes tell the system:

  •  how much VAT to apply 
  •  how to treat transactions 
  •  how to report VAT to HMRC 
Without VAT codes:

  • VAT cannot be calculated correctly
  • VAT returns become wrong
  • compliance risk increases

Step 1 — Check Default VAT Codes

Your system should include (or you should create):

1. Standard Rate (Most Important)
Standard Rated
Code: STD20  
Name: 20% Standard Rated
Rate: 20%  
Type: Sales & Purchases  
Use: Most UK services and goods  
2. Zero Rate

Zero Rate
Code: Z
Name: Zero  
Rate: 0%  
Use: exports / specific goods  

3. Exempt (optional later)
Code: EXEMPT  
Rate: 0%  
Use: financial / special cases  



Mistake to avoid
Do NOT:
  •  use ZERO instead of STD20 
  •  apply VAT before registration 
  •  create random VAT codes 
This will break VAT returns

Step 2 — Set Default VAT Code (IMPORTANT)


Set:

Default sales VAT code: STD20
- Rate field (20%) - Code name STD20 - Save button
How VAT Codes are used
When you create invoice:

System uses:

Selected VAT Code → applies % → calculates VAT
Example:

Net: £1000
VAT (STD20): £200
Total: £1200

Why VAT Codes Matter

VAT codes are the foundation of VAT reporting.
Every invoice, expense, and transaction uses these codes to determine how VAT is calculated and reported.

Step 3 — Invoice with VAT

Invoice with VAT
Example
  •  Net: £1,000 
  •  VAT: £200 
  •  Total: £1,200 
System now tracks:
  •  VAT collected 
  •  VAT reclaimable 

PART 6 — REPORTS

Profit & Loss
  •  Reports → Profit & Loss
    Reports → Profit & Loss
  •  Revenue line 
  •  Expense line 
  •  Profit 
Critical concept
Profit ≠ Cash

PART 7 — PERIOD CONTROL


PART 8 — AUDIT TRAIL

PART 9 — YEAR SUMMARY


FINAL INSIGHT

Most founders try to understand accounting at the end.

Successful founders structure it at the beginning.